fortitude: stresses firmness in enduring physical or mental hardships and suffering: a trip that tested their ~.  （endure坚强忍耐to put up with something with firm resolution, 如endured years of rejection and neglect忍耐了长期的拒绝忽视)


grits: stresses unyielding resolution and indomitableness in the face of hardship or danger: ~ beyond her years.  （indomitable不屈不挠to never accept defeat, never give up，如the indomitable spirit of the Polish people波兰人民不屈不挠的精神）


backbone: emphasizes resoluteness of character and implies either ability to stand firm in the face of opposition or such determination or independence as requires no support from without: held their own as long as they kept their ~.


pluck: implies a willingness to fight or continue against odds: fought on with ~ and courage.  (do something against odds做某事困难重重，成功可能性很小implies something is impossible or very unlikely to succeed，如some women do manage to achieve business success against odds尽管困难重重，一些女性还是在商场获得成功)


guts: considered by some to be not entirely polite, stresses fortitude and stamina and implies effectiveness and determination in facing and coping with what alarms or repels or discourages: lacked the ~ to pull it off.   (stamina耐力，指长时间做事的能量力量energy or strength to do something for a long time，如it takes a lot of stamina to run a marathon跑马拉松需要耐力)


fortitude坚忍: 强调能坚强地忍耐身体或精神上的艰苦痛苦，grits勇气: 面对艰苦危险时，坚决不屈不挠，backbone脊梁骨骨气: 指面对反对或逆境时的坚决、独立自主不仰赖他人，pluck勇气: 指愿意同逆境斗争，尽管困难重重很难成功，guts胆量: 可能不太礼貌(gut本意内脏)，强调具有直面和处理危险恶劣可怕事物的坚忍耐力


记忆方法: 1）首字母FGBPG排列成PFGGB佩服哥哥不<==勇气


         2）勇气的意思是勇敢坚定持久有力mean courage and staying power.